Tavis-upleba: To Be One’s Own Lord

Abstract

The paper is a response to Mikheil Naneishvili’s book “Freedom” and Freedom: The Word and The Concept (Tbilisi: Griphon, 2012: 267 pages), which offers a profound analysis of the idea of liberty as conveyed by the Georgian compound for “freedom” თავის უფალი (“one’s own lord”). According to
Naneishvili, “the problem of liberty is essentially a human problem. Free is he who is the master over his own morality and not its slave, one who is not enslaved by and does not enslave anyone else ...”
In an attempt to illustrate how the concept of freedom was understood in ancient cultures, the author of this article refers to a Sanskrit compound sva-pati, “one’s own lord”, which corresponds to the Georgian word, and a Sumerian compound ama-ar-gi, “return to mother”, a metaphor of liberty,
which conveys different implications. According to the Sumerian concept, a man liberated from captivity was not free until he returned to the “mother’s embrace”.
As Naneishvili argues, freedom, the highest of human values, should not be understood as a “shallow” concept, according to which freedom “is nothing but the absence of external impediments” (218 p.). Thus, liberty should not be understood as depending on the absence of external factors – as a function of a negative condition.